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Yolande de Polastron
Yolande Martine Gabrielle de Polastron, Duchess of Polignac (8 September 1749 – 9 December 1793) was the favourite of Marie Antoinette, whom she first met when she was presented at the Palace of Versailles in 1775, the year after Marie Antoinette became the Queen of France. She was considered one of the great beauties of pre-Revolutionary high society, but her extravagance and exclusivity earned her many enemies.〔S. Schama, ''Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution,'' p. 181-3; S. Zweig, ''Marie Antoinette: The Portrait of an Average Woman,'' pp. 121-4.〕
==Biography==
Yolande Martine Gabrielle de Polastron was born in Paris in the reign of King Louis XV. Her parents were Jean François Gabriel, Count of Polastron, seigneur de Noueilles, Venerque and Grépiac, and Jeanne Charlotte Hérault de Vaucresson. As was customary with aristocrats, most of whom bore more than one Christian name, she was generally known by the last of her names (Gabrielle).〔Zweig, ''Marie Antoinette,' Chapter 15: ''"The New Society."''〕 Though she was born into a family of ancient aristocratic lineage, by the time of Gabrielle's birth, despite their exalted ancestry, the family were encumbered by many debts and their lifestyle was far from luxurious.〔E. Lever, ''Marie-Antoinette: The Last Queen of France,'' p. 99-100〕
Whilst Gabrielle was still an infant, her parents moved to the family Château of Noueilles, in the province of Languedoc in southern France. At the age of three, she lost her mother and her welfare was therefore entrusted to a her aunt, who arranged for her to receive a convent education.
At the age of sixteen, Gabrielle was betrothed to Jules François Armand, comte de Polignac, marquis de Mancini (1746-1817), whom she married on 7 July 1767, a few months short of her eighteenth birthday.〔(Gastel Family Database )〕 Polignac's family had a "well-bred" ancestry similar to Gabrielle's family, and they were in equally uncomfortable financial straits. At the time of his marriage, Polignac was serving in the ''Régiment de Royal Dragons'' ("1er régiment de dragons"), on an annual salary of 4,000 livres.〔V. Cronin, ''Louis and Antoinette,'' p. 133〕 Within a few years of the marriage, Jules and Gabrielle had two children: a daughter, Aglaé, and a son. Two more sons followed several years later, including Jules, prince de Polignac who became the prime minister of France in 1829, under Charles X.
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